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Dimensions : 17 3/4 x 11 3/8 in (45 x 29 cm) - Framed: 24 ¾ x 18.5 in (63 x 47 cm) / On the verso, studio stamp "P. Tchelitchew" and inventory number / Provenance: Marie Tchelitchew (sister of the artist and wife of Alexis Zaoussailoff), known as Shura, then by family descent; "Friends of Pavel Tchelitcheff" collection
Tchelitchew's Spahi series follows the visit in the fall of 1930 of a friend of Tchelitchew, Georges Girard, who was then serving in a spahi regiment. Impressed by the exotic appearance of his uniform, Tchelitchew produced numerous drawings during his stay, which were used in 1931 to create several paintings. It is likely that the Sleeping Spahi, a painting with more muted tones (currently at the Yale University Museum - 7th picture in the gallery), was produced after the Portrait of a Spahi (whereabouts unknown) of which we also propose a study.
1. The wandering and cosmopolitan life of Pavel Tchelitchew
Nothing predestined Pavel Tchelitchew for the life he led. He was born in 1898 in Dubrovka, the family estate located in the Kozelsk district of the Kaluga province, southwest of Moscow, into an aristocratic family dating back to the 13th century.
During the winter of 1917/1918, the Soviet government expropriated the Tchelitchew family's estate, forcing them to leave for Ukraine. By the end of 1918, the situation had deteriorated, forcing him to flee to Constantinople. From there, he traveled to Sofia, Bulgaria, where he worked for the national opera before moving to Berlin in 1921. In Berlin, Tchelitchew continued to work mainly for the theater. It was during his stay in Berlin that he met Allen Tanner, an American pianist from Chicago, who became his partner and shared his life until their breakup in 1933. The economic crisis forced them to leave Berlin in 1923 and settle in Paris.
Their arrival in Paris allowed Pavel to reunite with his sister Shura in a furnished apartment on Rue Jacob. He had lost touch with her when he left Kiev five years earlier! This Parisian period (which lasted eleven years until his departure for the United States in 1934) was an extremely important period in Tchelitchew's work, as he devoted himself fully to painting and drawing.
After his first exhibition in 1924, Tchelitchew exhibited at the 1925 Salon d'Automne, where Gertrude Stein acquired his Panier de Fraises (Basket of Strawberries). Having met him shortly afterwards, she became one of his most fervent patrons. It was through her collection that Tchelitchew discovered Picasso's works from the Rose Period, which would have a significant influence on his production from 1929 to 1932. 1924 was also the year in which André Breton published his Manifesto of Surrealism, a movement to which Tchelitchew would never adhere but which would have a profound influence on his work.
In 1932, Tchelitchew met Charles Henri Ford, a young New York poet for whom he left Allan Tanner in 1933 before moving to the United States with Ford in 1934. Ford remained his partner until his death in 1957.
His stay in America was marked by the creation of two very large paintings: Phenomena, a highly controversial painting from 1936-1938 (now in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow), and Hide and Seek, painted in 1940-1942 (now in the MOMA in New York).
Tchelitchew made a new start in 1950, settling near Rome in Italy (first in Grottaferrata, then in Frascati) and developing a new pastel drawing technique in which he sought to give the internal structure of volumes the brilliance of neon lighting. He died in a hospital in Rome in 1957.
2. A very unusual artwork...
According to Tchelitchew, this painting was his first "human landscape," an approach inspired by surrealism (and echoing the research of certain Renaissance artists) according to which the forms of a landscape can also evoke a human figure.
The technique used by Tchelitchew for this drawing is very impressive : a mixture including ink and (most probably) walnut stain, providing a transparent brownish color to the drawing.
This drawing is presented in a modern blackened wood frame.
Main bibliographical references :
Alexander Kuznetsov - Pavel Tchelitchew – Metamorphoses - Stuttgart 2012
James Thrall Soby – Tchelitchew : paintings, drawings – New York 1942
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